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JoVE Core: Cell Biology Unit II
JoVE Core: Cell Biology illustrates complex cellular processes in easy-to-understand yet comprehensive animated video lessons. This collection focuses on the essential components and functions of cells, including organelles and membranes, cellular transport, and cell energetics.
Upcoming Chapters
Chapter 21: Principles of Cell Signaling
Chapter 22: Signaling Networks of G Protein-coupled Receptors
Chapter 23: Signaling Networks of Kinase Receptors
Chapter 24: Alternative Signaling Routes in Gene Expression
Chapter 25: The Cytoskeleton I: Actin and Microfilaments
Chapter 26: The Cytoskeleton II: Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments
Chapter 27: Extracellular Matrix in Animals
Chapter 28: Cell-Matrix Interactions
Chapter 29: Cell-cell Interactionshapter 9: Transcription: DNA to RNA
Chapter 30: Cell Polarization and Migration
Chapter 31: Integration of Plant Cells into Tissues
Chapter 32: Analyzing Cells and Proteins
Chapter 33: Visualizing Cells, Tissues, and Molecules
Chapter 34: Cell proliferation: Control of Cycle, Division, and Growth
Chapter 35: The Stages of Cell Division
Chapter 36: Meiosis
Chapter 37: Cell Death
Chapter 38: Cancer
Chapter 39: Stem Cell Biology And Renewal in Epithelial Tissue
Chapter 40: A Hierarchical Stem-Cell System: Blood Cell Formation
Chapter 41: Fibroblast Transformation and Muscle Stem Cells
Chapter 42: Regeneration and Repair
Chapter 43: Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Chapter 21: Principles of Cell Signaling
- Overview of Cell Signaling
- Types of Signaling Molecules
- Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors
- Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors
- Assembly of Signaling Complexes
- Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
- Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers
- Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascades
- Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses
- Cell Signaling Feedback Loops
- Cell Signaling in Plants
- Plant Hormones
Chapter 22: Signaling Networks of G Protein-coupled Receptors
- G Protein-coupled Receptors
- Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins
- GPCR Desensitization
- G-Protein Gated Ion Channels
- GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity
- cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways
- IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway
- Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration
- Calmodulin-dependent Signaling
- Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway
Chapter 25: The Cytoskeleton I: Actin and Microfilaments
- Introduction to the Cytoskeleton
- Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments
- Polarity of the Cytoskeleton
- Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments
- Cytoskeleton Linker Proteins - Plakins
- Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins
- Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria
- Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria
- Studying the Cytoskeleton
- Introduction to Actin
- Actin Polymerization
- Actin Treadmilling
- Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments
- Actin Filament Depolymerization
- Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments
- Overview of Myosin Structure and Function
- Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction
- Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells
Chapter 26: The Cytoskeleton II: Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments
- Microtubules
- Microtubule Instability
- Microtubule Formation
- Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)
- Destabilization of Microtubules
- Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins
- The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles
- Assembly of Complex Microtubule Strucutures
- Microtubules in Cell Motility
- Mechanism of Ciliary Motion
- Microtubules in Signaling
- Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules
- Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules
- The Structure of Intermediate Filaments
- Types of Intermediate Filaments
- Formation of Intermediate Filaments
- Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments
- Septins
- Role of Septins
Chapter 27: Extracellular Matrix in Animals
- The Extracellular Matrix
- Glycosaminoglycans
- Collagen are the Major Structural Proteins of ECM
- Fibril Associated Collagen
- Elastin is Responsible for Tissue Elasticity
- Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM
- Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins
- Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM
- Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM
- Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina
- Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina
Chapter 29: Cell-cell Interactions
- Cell Adhesion Molecules — Types and Functions
- Structure of Cadherins
- Cadherins In Tissue Organization
- Catenins
- Selectins
- Immunoglobin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions
- Adherens Junction
- Tension Response at Adherens Junctions
- Desmosomes
- Tight Junctions
- Gap Junctions
Chapter 30: Cell Polarization and Migration
- Cell Migration
- Actin-mediated Cell Motility
- Types of Membrane Protrusions
- Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation
- Mechanism of Filopodia Formation
- Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia
- Cell Motility through Blebbing
- Role of Myosin Proteins in Cell Adhesion and Motility
- Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins
- Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration
- The Cytoskeleton Coordinates Whole Cell Polarization and Locomotion
Chapter 32: Analyzing Cells and Proteins
- Overview of Cell Separation and Isolation
- Tissue Homogenization
- Cell Culture
- Cell Lines
- Hybridoma Technology
- Subcellular Fractionation
- Flow Cytometry
- Principles Of Column Chromatography
- Types Of Column Chromatography
- Immunoprecipitation
- Tagging and Fusion Proteins
- SDS-PAGE
- Western Blotting
- 2D Gel Electrophoresis
- Enzyme-linked Immunoassay (ELISA)
- MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
- Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- X-Ray Diffraction Of Biological Samples
- Applications Of NMR In Biology
- Proteomics
Chapter 33: Visualizing Cells, Tissues, and Molecules
- Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy
- Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy
- Fixation and Sectioning
- Immunofluorescence Microscopy
- Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry
- Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy
- Protein Dynamics in Living Cells
- Total Internal Reflection
- Fluorescence Microscopy
- Atomic Force Microscopy
- Superresolution Fluorescence Microscopy
- Overview of Electron Microscopy
- Scanning Electron Microscopy
- Transmission Electron Microscopy
- Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy
- Immunogold Electron Microscopy
- Cryo-electron Microscopy
- Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction
Chapter 34: Cell proliferation: Control of Cycle, Division, and Growth
- What is the Cell Cycle?
- Interphase
- The Cell Cycle Control System
- Positive Regulator Molecules
- Inhibition of CDK Activity
- S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication
- M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis
- Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
- Replicative Cell Senescence
- Abnormal Proliferation
- Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation
Chapter 35: The Stages of Cell Division
- Mitosis and Cytokinesis
- Chromosome Duplication
- Cohesins
- Condensins
- The Mitotic Spindle
- Centrosome Duplication
- Spindle Assembly
- Attachment of Sister Chromatids
- Forces Acting on Chromosomes
- Separation of Sister Chromatids
- The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
- Anaphase A and B
- Anaphase Promoting Complex
- The Contractile Ring
- Determining the Plane of Cell Division
- The Phragmoplast
- Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content
Chapter 38: Cancer
- What is Cancer?
- Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
- Tumor Progression
- Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
- The Tumor Microenvironment
- Metastasis
- Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes
- Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
- Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Function
- The Retinoblastoma Gene
- Mechanism of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
- Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
- The Ras Gene
- mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
- Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance
- Mouse Models of Cancer Study
- Cancer Prevention
- Cancer Therapies
- Targeted Cancer Therapies
- Treatment Resistant Cancers
- Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
Chapter 39: Stem Cell Biology And Renewal in Epithelial Tissue
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells
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Stem Cell Niche
-
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
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Role of Ephrin-Eph and Notch Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells
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Stem Cell Culture
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells
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Unrenewable Cells
Chapter 40: A Hierarchical Stem-Cell System: Blood Cell Formation
- Overview of the Vascular System
- Mechanism of Angiogenesis
- Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
- Hematopoiesis
- Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
- Lineage Commitment
- Erythropoiesis
- Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells
- Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Chapter 41: Fibroblast Transformation and Muscle Stem Cells
- Connective Tissue Cell Types
- Introduction to Fibroblasts
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue
- Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
- Overview of Skeletal Muscle
- Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts
- Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy
Chapter 43: Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Embryonic Stem Cells
- Maintenance of the ES Cell State
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming
- Chromatin Modification in iPS cells
- iPS Cell Differentiation
- Forced Transdifferentiation
- EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research